Rome+JNS

​ The Roman Republic was established at about 509 B.C. There were the senators, who serv​ed for life, and then two consuls, who together exercised executive authority over the military and government.  The senate was originally an advisory council. The magistracies were originally restricted to patricians, but were later opened to common people, the plebeians.

Rome was threatened during the Punic Wars by Carthage, but proved to be very powerful and became a dominate civilization.